Biogas Overview: Global and Brazilian Perspectives with Emphasis on Paraná State

Biogas is a renewable energy source that can be locally produced from the anaerobic digestion of several organic wastes, serving as a partial substitute for natural gas derived from non-renewable sources. This work provides an overview of feedstock used for biogas production, anaerobic digestion process, biogas usage, and global and Brazilian biogas generation. In addition, the potential output in Paraná State, Brazil was evaluated. In Brazil, the full potential of biogas, especially within the agricultural sector, has not been explored. Paraná, one of Brazil’s leading agricultural producers, has emerged as a prominent biogas producer, particularly from landfill and industrial sources, primarily for electricity generation. According to the findings of this work, the biogas produced from pig, chicken, and confined cattle waste could generate 2.23 TWh of electricity, equivalent to approximately 8% of the state’s energy consumption. Moreover, the biomethane potential surpasses the 2021 production by 3.4 times. Based on the overview and results, the biogas produced in Paraná can significantly contribute to sustainable energy generation, which would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote a cleaner and more environmentally friendly energy matrix.