Formwork material selection and optimization by a comprehensive integrated subjective–objective criteria weighting MCDM model

Formwork systems account for a considerable cost of a structure because of its labor-intensive nature that needs selection and optimization through an efficient MCDM model. This research therefore suggests a comprehensive integrated subjective–objective criterion weighting MCDM model to overcome this issue. First, an LFN questioner was initially developed and condensed utilizing the Delphi and Interview techniques to achieve this aim. Second, the uncorrelated MCDM method and criteria weight selected using correlation analysis and critical literature review. Thirdly, the formwork system will be chosen using all comprehensive integrated subjective–objective criteria weighting MCDM techniques. Fourth, the formwork options in the Monte Carlo Simulation are ranked using a 95% performance score. Finally, the study will be validated and rationalized by a comparative and cost analysis. So, Aluminum is the most preferable formwork system, followed by steel, plastic and timber formwork. However, to increase construction industry’s benefit, aluminum shall combine with steel and plastic formwork. In summary, the study's findings and the comprehensive integrated subjective–objective criteria weighting MCDM model are, to some extent, meaningful, dynamic tools for determining the most significant multi-criteria decision dilemma in an unidentified situation.