Exploring the Possibility of Ionic Liquid as a Dimensional Stabilizer for Well-Preserved Waterlogged Archaeological Wood
Dehydration is the principal conservation process for waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW), with the aim of preventing shrinkage and cracking. For well-preserved WAW, shrinkage mainly takes place when the moisture content is below the fiber saturation point. Here, we conduct a new trial using ionic...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Forests 2024-12, Vol.15 (12), p.2160 |
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| creator | Zhou, Yihang Zhang, Zhiguo Wang, Kai Jin, Tao Feng, Yi Wu, Mengruo Han, Xiangna Han, Liuyang Wang, Jiajun |
| description | Dehydration is the principal conservation process for waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW), with the aim of preventing shrinkage and cracking. For well-preserved WAW, shrinkage mainly takes place when the moisture content is below the fiber saturation point. Here, we conduct a new trial using ionic liquid as a dimensional stabilizer to maintain a stable swollen state of WAW. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD), shrinkage measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) were adopted to investigate the interactions and effects of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) on WAW (Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus sp. with a maximum moisture content of 80.3%) in comparison with the conventional material polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results show that [Bmim][Cl] and its water mixtures have a comparable or slightly greater ability to swell amorphous cellulose than does water at room temperature, while crystalline cellulose is left intact. The samples treated with [Bmim][Cl] show less shrinkage than the PEG 300- and PEG 2000-treated samples at all tested concentrations after air-drying. The best dimension control was achieved by 40 wt% [Bmim][Cl], with volumetric shrinkage reduced from 5.03% to 0.47%. DVS analysis reveals that [Bmim][Cl] reduces moisture contents at moderate and low relative humidity ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/f15122160 |
| format | Article |
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For well-preserved WAW, shrinkage mainly takes place when the moisture content is below the fiber saturation point. Here, we conduct a new trial using ionic liquid as a dimensional stabilizer to maintain a stable swollen state of WAW. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD), shrinkage measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) were adopted to investigate the interactions and effects of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) on WAW (Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus sp. with a maximum moisture content of 80.3%) in comparison with the conventional material polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results show that [Bmim][Cl] and its water mixtures have a comparable or slightly greater ability to swell amorphous cellulose than does water at room temperature, while crystalline cellulose is left intact. The samples treated with [Bmim][Cl] show less shrinkage than the PEG 300- and PEG 2000-treated samples at all tested concentrations after air-drying. The best dimension control was achieved by 40 wt% [Bmim][Cl], with volumetric shrinkage reduced from 5.03% to 0.47%. DVS analysis reveals that [Bmim][Cl] reduces moisture contents at moderate and low relative humidity (<80%) when the concentration is at or below 20 wt%, which suggests that good dimensional stability was not achieved by simply preserving the moisture content but possibly through the interaction of the ionic liquid with the wood polymers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/f15122160</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Amorphous materials ; Analysis ; Archaeology ; Cellulose ; Crystalline cellulose ; Dehydration ; Dimensional stability ; Discovery and exploration ; Efficiency ; Fourier transforms ; Humidity ; Hydrogen bonding ; Hydrogen bonds ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Ionic liquids ; Lignin ; Moisture content ; Molecular dynamics ; Polyethylene glycol ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Polyols ; Relative humidity ; Room temperature ; Simulation ; Temperature ; Water ; Water content</subject><ispartof>Forests, 2024-12, Vol.15 (12), p.2160</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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For well-preserved WAW, shrinkage mainly takes place when the moisture content is below the fiber saturation point. Here, we conduct a new trial using ionic liquid as a dimensional stabilizer to maintain a stable swollen state of WAW. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD), shrinkage measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) were adopted to investigate the interactions and effects of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) on WAW (Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus sp. with a maximum moisture content of 80.3%) in comparison with the conventional material polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results show that [Bmim][Cl] and its water mixtures have a comparable or slightly greater ability to swell amorphous cellulose than does water at room temperature, while crystalline cellulose is left intact. The samples treated with [Bmim][Cl] show less shrinkage than the PEG 300- and PEG 2000-treated samples at all tested concentrations after air-drying. The best dimension control was achieved by 40 wt% [Bmim][Cl], with volumetric shrinkage reduced from 5.03% to 0.47%. DVS analysis reveals that [Bmim][Cl] reduces moisture contents at moderate and low relative humidity (<80%) when the concentration is at or below 20 wt%, which suggests that good dimensional stability was not achieved by simply preserving the moisture content but possibly through the interaction of the ionic liquid with the wood polymers.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/f15122160</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6972-6000</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7710-2027</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-9871</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-0424</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-9803</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air temperature Amorphous materials Analysis Archaeology Cellulose Crystalline cellulose Dehydration Dimensional stability Discovery and exploration Efficiency Fourier transforms Humidity Hydrogen bonding Hydrogen bonds Infrared spectroscopy Ionic liquids Lignin Moisture content Molecular dynamics Polyethylene glycol Polymerization Polymers Polyols Relative humidity Room temperature Simulation Temperature Water Water content |
| title | Exploring the Possibility of Ionic Liquid as a Dimensional Stabilizer for Well-Preserved Waterlogged Archaeological Wood |
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