Interactive use of biochar and chemical fertilizer for improving nutrient availability and crop growth in rainfed area

The major limitations of rain-fed areas in Pakistan include soil fertility loss, reduced soil productivity, and water scarcity. To address these challenges, research has investigated the potential use of biochar in low-fertility and degraded soils to increase soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and water retention, ultimately improving soil productivity and crop growth. A field study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biochar, coupled with chemical nutrient on the availability of soil nutrient and crop growth. Six distinct experimental treatments were utilized, with each treatment being replicated thrice. The treatments included: T1(control), T2 (0.25 ton/ha biochar), T3 (0.5 ton/ha biochar), T4 (standard nitrogen nutrient dosage), T5 (0.25 ton/ha biochar along with standard nitrogen nutrient dosage), and T6 (0.5 ton/ha biochar along with standard nitrogen nutrient dosage). At maturity the test crop, mash bean was harvested. Soil samples and plant samples were obtained before sowing and after harvesting. The evaluations comprised measurements of CEC (cation exchange capacity) of soil, pH levels of soil, soil bulk density, total nitrogen (N), soil phosphorus (P), SOM, soil texture, extractable potassium (K), and total organic carbon (TOC). Nitrogen fixation by mash beans was also evaluated using xylem solute techniques. Statistical analysis was conducted on the collected data using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), comparing means at a 5% level of significance. This study’s results will contribute valuable insights into the impact of biochar on crop growth and soil health in rain-fed regions. Graphic abstract