State-of-the Art of Eradication of Endodontic Microorganisms by Wireless Techniques

Success of the root canal treatment depends upon the complete eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system. Endodontic infection has most diverse microbiota, which includes fungi, archaea, and viruses along with the bacteria. This microbiota exists as the community basis in “biofilm” form. There are many anatomical, microbiological, ecological and environmental factors, which cause difficulties during eradication of endodontic microbiota. This overview discusses about those factors in detail. The recent wireless techniques are also implemented in disinfection of root canal. Those antimicrobial techniques and possibilities are discussed in detail here. Currently in root canal treatment, elimination of endodontic microbiota is carried out by the sequential techniques; like instrumentation of the canal, irrigation with sodium hypochlorite/chlorhexidine followed by placement of intracanal medication calcium hydroxide. Perhaps the 100% efficacy of those techniques is questionable. Frequent isolation of bacteria from failed root canal treated teeth indicates that some microorganisms are able to tolerate the conditions imposed by currently used disinfecting agents. Even the biofilms bacteria are highly resistant to antimicrobials than the planktonic bacteria. It is proved that the current disinfection techniques are not able to eliminate the microorganisms completely; they may be successful in elimination of planktonic bacteria from the necrotic root canals but fails to eradicate biofilms. Thus effectiveness of current endodontic treatments is limited. The resistance of the biofilms microorganisms to current antimicrobials and medicaments opens the new doors for other newer techniques, which could be incorporated as an adjunctive to the current endodontic treatment. The recent wireless techniques are also introduced in disinfection of root canal. These newer antimicrobial techniques and future therapeutic possibilities are discussed in this article.