Dielectric barrier discharge combined with Fe(III)-NTA activated persulfate for efficient degradation of enrofloxacin in water

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is widely used in aquaculture due to its broad-spectrum activity against a large number of pathogenic bacteria. However, ENR exhibits strong adsorption and a low biodegradation rate in the environment. This study proposes a new method for degrading ENR, which combines dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with advanced oxidation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5−) and the use of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) combined with Fe(III) activator to improve reaction efficiency. The effects on the degradation efficiency were experimentally investigated by adjusting the internal process parameters and adding coexisting substances. The ESR and free radical scavenging experiments showed that both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals contributed to the degradation of the pollutant ENR. Based on the identified intermediates, and three possible degradation pathways were suggested. And the intermediates were less harmful. In conclusion, the Fe(III)-NTA/PMS/DBD system may be an efficient, environmentally friendly and new technology with development potential.