Green hydrogen revolution for a sustainable energy future

This paper highlights the emergence of green hydrogen as an eco-friendly and renewable energy carrier, offering a promising opportunity for an energy transition toward a more responsible future. Green hydrogen is generated using electricity sourced from renewable sources, minimizing CO 2 emissions during its production process. Its advantages include reducing carbon emissions, energy storage, and its diversity of applications in different sectors. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of production cost, infrastructure, logistics, research, and development. Despite this, green hydrogen has enormous potential to help fight climate change and promote more resilient energy systems, but its widespread adoption will require global cooperation to overcome these challenges. This review presents a comprehensive examination of green hydrogen, covering multiple aspects, including production methods, infrastructure, advantages, disadvantages, and challenges. It provides an in-depth examination of the current state of hydrogen infrastructure, emphasizing the transition from restricted-access stations to customer-friendly retail stations. Moreover, it explores the complex interplay between hydrogen production, storage, and transportation, addressing issues like energy density and infrastructure demands. The paper also emphasizes the crucial significance of research and development in improving green hydrogen production and utilization, considering advanced materials, safety, and life cycle assessment. Graphical abstract