Practical Innovation in Government

[...]they have the authority and access to resources - and management-driven CI is indeed the dominant paradigm in the private sector. [...]managers attempting to make significant improvements must contend with a bureaucratic haze of uncertainty in which it is not always clear what is allowable. Front-line Improvements Make an Impact In the public sector, front-line improvements avoid most of the problems inherent in management-driven efforts. Because individual ideas typically involve small local improvements, they don't require a lot of resources to implement, and they go largely unnoticed by the rest of the organization and outside stakeholders. [...]since they are almost invisible, they avoid the countervailing forces that press upon management-driven initiatives.