Risk analysis and evaluation of emergency rescue in landslide disaster

Landslides caused by heavy rainfall are among the most frequent geological hazards. The steep slope of the landslide, the poor stability of the slippery soil and rock, and the continuous increase in the water content by heavy rainfall make it considerably easy for secondary derivative disasters to occur during emergency rescue operations, seriously threatening the lives of rescue teams and affected people. Therefore, studying the risk of landslide disaster emergency rescue is vital to ensuring the survival of rescuers and disaster victims. Risk factors of emergency rescue risk are analyzed by a typical landslide rescue case. Then, a comprehensive quantitative method for assessing emergency rescue risks of landslide disasters is constructed. The three dimensions of quantitative methods are the possibility of landslides, the severity of the consequences, and the temporal and spatial sensitivity. The cloud model method is used to evaluate the importance of the evaluation structure of 55 factors by 20 experts. The analytic hierarchy method is used to calculate the weight of each index, and the as low as reasonably practicable principle is used to divide the risk value and risk level. Twenty-four key factors are finally screened based on each factor’s mean, entropy, and over entropy, which are used as quantitative risk indicators for landslide disaster emergency rescue. The four levels of emergency rescue risk are divided. Verification is conducted using a landslide disaster rescue case as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the quantitative risk method. This study confirms that the possibility, severity, and sensitivity of the three risk quantification dimensions of emergency rescue in landslide disasters can more comprehensively summarize the various risk factors in the disposal process.