Arguments and Speech Acts Reconsidered

The widely accepted view of making an argument articulated by van Eemeren and Grootendorst ( 1982 , 1984 ) has three unresolved problems that become apparent when one moves from conceptualization of the ideal to the varied practices of real argument. They are: (1) the reduction of argument components to assertives, (2) the identification of illocutionary force with a particular, contingent perlocutionary intent (convincing the listener to accept the arguer’s standpoint), and (3) the restriction of felicity conditions to fit those consistent with that perlocutionary intent. This analysis amplifies objections first raised by Jackson ( 1985 ) and Jacobs ( 1989 ).