Interpreting the LHAASO Galactic diffuse emission data

Recently, the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) collaboration has obtained a measurement of the gamma-ray diffuse emission in the ultra-high energy range, \(10-10^3\) TeV after masking the contribution of known sources. The measurement appears to be 2-3 times higher than the gamma-ray signal expected from the hadronic interactions of diffuse cosmic rays with the interstellar medium, potentially suggesting a contribution from unresolved sources. However, estimates of the diffuse emission are affected by large uncertainties that must be accounted for. In this work, we calculate the hadronic gamma-ray diffuse emission including uncertainties in the gas content of the Galactic disk, in the energy and spatial distribution of cosmic rays as well as in the hadronic interaction cross-section. We show that the LHAASO data above \(\sim 30\) TeV are consistent with the gamma-ray diffuse emission model when all these uncertainties are taken into account. This implies that, with the current data in this energy range, there is no need to invoke a cosmic ray spectral variation toward the Galactic center, nor a dominant contribution from unresolved sources.