The Relevance of Sr–O–C Isotope Analysis on Burnt Human Skeletal Remains in Archeological and Forensic Contexts: A Review and Future Directions

Recovery and identification of heavily burnt and fragmented skeletal remains pose significant challenges in fire and arson investigations. The ability to identify individuals is crucial in such cases, prompting extensive research into various techniques to aid in the identification process, including isotopic analysis. Although direct personal identification is not achievable through isotopic analysis of skeletal remains, it serves as a valuable tool for obtaining chemical elements of the biological profile. Strontium (Sr), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) isotope analyses have been widely used in archeological contexts but are relatively new approaches in the medicolegal domain. Oxygen isotope analysis, for instance, offers insights into the burning temperature, while strontium isotope analysis provides valuable information for tracing the individual's movement across geologically distinct landscapes. Consequently, the investigation of the impact of heat on the biogenic isotope composition of human bones in forensic contexts has gained significant attention. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the key archeological and forensic questions addressed by Sr–O–C isotope analysis of burnt skeletal remains. By examining the current state of the art and prospects, we aim to contribute to a broader understanding and potential advancements in the field of forensic isotope research. This article is categorized under: Forensic Biology > Interpretation of Biological Evidence Forensic Anthropology > Trauma Analysis Identifying burned skeletal remains in fire/arson cases is complex. Isotopic analysis, such as Sr–O–C, provides insights into temperature and mobility. This article explores its potential, calling for collaboration to advance the field.