Decarbonization of Metallurgy and Steelmaking Industries Using Biochar: A Review

The iron and steelmaking industries play a significant role in the manufacturing sector but result in significant greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar has recently gained attention as a potential substitute for coal in metallurgical processes due to its carbon capture potential. This review explores the potential of biochar as a sustainable substitute for coal in steelmaking industries. Notable research works have shown that substituting biochar in amounts ranging from as low as 5 % to as high as 50 % can be feasible and beneficial in processes such as coke making, iron sintering, blast furnaces, and electric furnaces. The information presented in this review can be applied to create sustainable and competitive alternatives to fossil fuels to help decarbonize metallurgical industries. Biochar is produced from the carbonization of organic residues. It has the potential to sequester carbon in the long term. Its adoption in iron and steelmaking processes can lead to decarbonization and sustainability of manufacturing industries. By leveraging its properties, a transition is evident toward a more efficient and eco‐friendly metallurgical process.