Enhancing glass surface hydrophobicity: the role of Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane in advanced surface modification

This study presents a novel approach to fabricate self-cleaning, superhydrophobic coatings on glass surfaces and photovoltaic cells. Using a cost-effective spray-coating technique, superhydrophobic glass surfaces were developed incorporating modified SiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized via a simple sol–gel method. Silylating agents, Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOS), were used for the modification, resulting in enhanced surface roughness and hydrophobicity. The study extensively characterizes the analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements. Modified NPs with PFOS showed a significant improvement in hydrophobic properties, with water contact angles of 144.73° and sliding angles of 5°. The stability of these surfaces under various pH conditions was also evaluated. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of self-cleaning coatings for glass and photovoltaic cells, demonstrating the potential of superhydrophobic surfaces in practical applications. Graphical Abstract Highlights Cost-effective superhydrophobic coatings : A scalable and cost-effective spray-coating method was developed using modified SiO₂ nanoparticles, PFOS, and PDMS to create superhydrophobic surfaces on glass. Significant water repellency : The coatings achieved an impressive water contact angle of 144.73° and a sliding angle of 5°, demonstrating excellent hydrophobic properties close to the superhydrophobic benchmark. Enhanced surface roughness : The dual-phase modification process, involving SiO₂ nanoparticles and PFOS, significantly increased surface roughness, a key factor for maximizing hydrophobicity. Chemical durability : The superhydrophobic coatings exhibited excellent durability, maintaining their properties under various pH conditions, including acidic, neutral, and basic environments. Simple and scalable process : The method used for developing these coatings is both simple and scalable, offering a practical approach for producing durable superhydrophobic surfaces suitable for various industrial applications.