Collapsing molecular clouds with tracer particles – II. Collapse histories
ABSTRACT In order to develop a complete theory of star formation, one essentially needs to know two things: what collapses and how long it takes. This is the second paper in a series, where we query how long a parcel of gas takes to collapse and the process it undergoes. We embed pseudo-Lagrangian t...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2024-07, Vol.532 (1), p.681-691 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
Zusammenfassung: | ABSTRACT
In order to develop a complete theory of star formation, one essentially needs to know two things: what collapses and how long it takes. This is the second paper in a series, where we query how long a parcel of gas takes to collapse and the process it undergoes. We embed pseudo-Lagrangian tracer particles in simulations of collapsing molecular clouds, identify the particles that end in dense knots, and then examine the collapse history of the gas. We find a nearly universal behaviour of cruise-then-collapse, wherein a core stays at intermediate densities for a significant fraction of its life before finally collapsing. We identify time immediately before each core collapses, $t_{\rm {sing}}$, and examine how it transitions to high density. We find that the time to collapse is uniformly distributed between $0.25 t_{\rm {ff}}$ and the end of the simulation at $\sim\!\! 1 t_{\rm {ff}}$, and that the duration of collapse is universally short, $\Delta t \sim 0.1 t_{\rm {ff}}$, where $t_{\rm {ff}}$ is the free-fall time at the mean density. We describe the collapse in three stages: collection, hardening, and singularity. Collection sweeps low-density gas into moderate density. Hardening brings kinetic and gravitational energies into quasi-equipartition. Singularity is the free-fall collapse, forming an envelope in rough energy balance and central overdensity in $\sim\!\! 0.1 t_{\rm {ff}}$. |
---|---|
ISSN: | 0035-8711 1365-2966 |
DOI: | 10.1093/mnras/stae1493 |