Carbon Nanodots: An Illuminating Paradigm in Production, Characterization, and Oncological Targeting Methodologies—A Review

Carbon nanodots represent a burgeoning class of nanomaterials renowned for their remarkable adaptability and multifunctionality. In the realm of cancer research, carbon nanodots emerge as a potent avenue for drug delivery, offering precision and efficacy. This review explores various methods employed in the fabrication of nanodots. The review also encompasses characterization techniques pertinent to carbon nanodots. These nanodots emerging as a standout among carbon nanomaterials hold immense potential as a platform for cancer drug delivery and therapy. Their distinctive photoluminescence, minimal toxicity, remarkable biocompatibility, and facile functionalization render them a promising candidate for advancing cancer treatment strategies. The carbon nanodots are increasingly utilized for coupling receptors and chemotherapy agents owing to their abundant surface functional groups like carboxylic and amino groups. Photoactivatable carbon nanodots offer potential for photocatalytic and photodynamic interventions in cancer, presenting a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration. Graphical Abstract