The Antibacterial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigant Solution

This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% NaOCl combined with chitosan or propolis nanoparticles at different concentrations. Nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Th...

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Veröffentlicht in:BioNanoScience 2024-11, Vol.14 (4), p.4369-4380
Hauptverfasser: Fahad, Fatima, Al-Hashimi, Raghad Abdulrazzaq, Hussien, Zaid R.
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Hussien, Zaid R.
description This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% NaOCl combined with chitosan or propolis nanoparticles at different concentrations. Nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The nanoparticles were divided into different concentrations (0.625, 1, and 3 mg/mL chitosan and 4, 5, and 5.5 mg/mL propolis) and combined with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Antibacterial activity was tested using agar well diffusion assay with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm generated on cellulose nitrate membrane filters after overnight incubation at 37 °C. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to evaluate reduction in CFUs among all groups, and P  
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Nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The nanoparticles were divided into different concentrations (0.625, 1, and 3 mg/mL chitosan and 4, 5, and 5.5 mg/mL propolis) and combined with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Antibacterial activity was tested using agar well diffusion assay with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm generated on cellulose nitrate membrane filters after overnight incubation at 37 °C. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to evaluate reduction in CFUs among all groups, and P  &lt; 0.05 was set as the reference for statistically significant results. Cytotoxicity was measured after 24 h by MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and genotoxicity was tested by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to measure DNA damage. The combination of chitosan or propolis nanoparticles of different concentrations with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite showed high antibacterial activity ( P  &lt; 0.01). Cytotoxicity was improved when 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was mixed with 1 and 3 mg of chitosan nanoparticles or 4, 5, and 5.5 mg of propolis nanoparticles, and the difference was highly significant( P  &lt; 0.01). The addition of nanoparticles improves the antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of NaOCl. 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Nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The nanoparticles were divided into different concentrations (0.625, 1, and 3 mg/mL chitosan and 4, 5, and 5.5 mg/mL propolis) and combined with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Antibacterial activity was tested using agar well diffusion assay with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm generated on cellulose nitrate membrane filters after overnight incubation at 37 °C. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to evaluate reduction in CFUs among all groups, and P  &lt; 0.05 was set as the reference for statistically significant results. Cytotoxicity was measured after 24 h by MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and genotoxicity was tested by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to measure DNA damage. The combination of chitosan or propolis nanoparticles of different concentrations with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite showed high antibacterial activity ( P  &lt; 0.01). Cytotoxicity was improved when 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was mixed with 1 and 3 mg of chitosan nanoparticles or 4, 5, and 5.5 mg of propolis nanoparticles, and the difference was highly significant( P  &lt; 0.01). The addition of nanoparticles improves the antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of NaOCl. 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subjects Antibacterial activity
Antiinfectives and antibacterials
Assaying
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomaterials
Biophysics
Cellulose
Cellulose nitrate
Chitosan
Circuits and Systems
Comet assay
Cytotoxicity
Damage detection
DNA damage
Effectiveness
Electrophoresis
Emission analysis
Engineering
Field emission microscopy
Fourier analysis
Fourier transforms
Genotoxicity
Infrared analysis
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Propolis
Root canals
Scanning electron microscopy
Sodium
Sodium hypochlorite
Statistical analysis
Toxicity testing
title The Antibacterial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigant Solution
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