The Antibacterial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigant Solution
This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% NaOCl combined with chitosan or propolis nanoparticles at different concentrations. Nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Th...
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description | This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% NaOCl combined with chitosan or propolis nanoparticles at different concentrations. Nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The nanoparticles were divided into different concentrations (0.625, 1, and 3 mg/mL chitosan and 4, 5, and 5.5 mg/mL propolis) and combined with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Antibacterial activity was tested using agar well diffusion assay with
Enterococcus faecalis
biofilm generated on cellulose nitrate membrane filters after overnight incubation at 37 °C. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to evaluate reduction in CFUs among all groups, and
P
|
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12668-023-01260-5 |
format | Article |
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Enterococcus faecalis
biofilm generated on cellulose nitrate membrane filters after overnight incubation at 37 °C. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to evaluate reduction in CFUs among all groups, and
P
< 0.05 was set as the reference for statistically significant results. Cytotoxicity was measured after 24 h by MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and genotoxicity was tested by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to measure DNA damage. The combination of chitosan or propolis nanoparticles of different concentrations with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite showed high antibacterial activity (
P
< 0.01). Cytotoxicity was improved when 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was mixed with 1 and 3 mg of chitosan nanoparticles or 4, 5, and 5.5 mg of propolis nanoparticles, and the difference was highly significant(
P
< 0.01). The addition of nanoparticles improves the antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of NaOCl. This new irrigant can be used in endodontic treatment given its safety and effectiveness against
E. faecalis
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2191-1630</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2191-1649</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01260-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Antibacterial activity ; Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Assaying ; Biological and Medical Physics ; Biomaterials ; Biophysics ; Cellulose ; Cellulose nitrate ; Chitosan ; Circuits and Systems ; Comet assay ; Cytotoxicity ; Damage detection ; DNA damage ; Effectiveness ; Electrophoresis ; Emission analysis ; Engineering ; Field emission microscopy ; Fourier analysis ; Fourier transforms ; Genotoxicity ; Infrared analysis ; Nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology ; Propolis ; Root canals ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sodium ; Sodium hypochlorite ; Statistical analysis ; Toxicity testing</subject><ispartof>BioNanoScience, 2024-11, Vol.14 (4), p.4369-4380</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a7bd154befb1c2850aca84fccf431c2996aaf268da11ed112add1621102283c23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a7bd154befb1c2850aca84fccf431c2996aaf268da11ed112add1621102283c23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12668-023-01260-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12668-023-01260-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fahad, Fatima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Hashimi, Raghad Abdulrazzaq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussien, Zaid R.</creatorcontrib><title>The Antibacterial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigant Solution</title><title>BioNanoScience</title><addtitle>BioNanoSci</addtitle><description>This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% NaOCl combined with chitosan or propolis nanoparticles at different concentrations. Nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The nanoparticles were divided into different concentrations (0.625, 1, and 3 mg/mL chitosan and 4, 5, and 5.5 mg/mL propolis) and combined with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Antibacterial activity was tested using agar well diffusion assay with
Enterococcus faecalis
biofilm generated on cellulose nitrate membrane filters after overnight incubation at 37 °C. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to evaluate reduction in CFUs among all groups, and
P
< 0.05 was set as the reference for statistically significant results. Cytotoxicity was measured after 24 h by MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and genotoxicity was tested by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to measure DNA damage. The combination of chitosan or propolis nanoparticles of different concentrations with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite showed high antibacterial activity (
P
< 0.01). Cytotoxicity was improved when 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was mixed with 1 and 3 mg of chitosan nanoparticles or 4, 5, and 5.5 mg of propolis nanoparticles, and the difference was highly significant(
P
< 0.01). The addition of nanoparticles improves the antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of NaOCl. This new irrigant can be used in endodontic treatment given its safety and effectiveness against
E. faecalis
.</description><subject>Antibacterial activity</subject><subject>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</subject><subject>Assaying</subject><subject>Biological and Medical Physics</subject><subject>Biomaterials</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Cellulose nitrate</subject><subject>Chitosan</subject><subject>Circuits and Systems</subject><subject>Comet assay</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Damage detection</subject><subject>DNA damage</subject><subject>Effectiveness</subject><subject>Electrophoresis</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Field emission microscopy</subject><subject>Fourier analysis</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Genotoxicity</subject><subject>Infrared analysis</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Propolis</subject><subject>Root canals</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sodium hypochlorite</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Toxicity testing</subject><issn>2191-1630</issn><issn>2191-1649</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE9LxDAQxYsoKLpfwFPAczWTtNn2KIt_FhY9uJ7DbJrsZqlJTbJgv73Rit6cywwz772BX1FcAr0GSuc3EZgQTUkZL2keaVkfFWcMWihBVO3x78zpaTGLcU9zzangDT8rPtY7TW5dshtUSQeLPbkzxipUI0HXkcWYfPIfVtk0Em_I0ikfBh8wWbclT-j8gCFZ1etIrEuevPjOHt7I4zh4tet9sEkTjGQZgt2iS_neH5L17qI4MdhHPfvp58Xr_d168Viunh-Wi9tVqTi0qcT5poO62mizAcWamqLCpjJKmYrnRdsKRMNE0yGA7gAYdh0IBkAZa7hi_Ly4mnKH4N8POia594fg8kvJgVWCspaJrGKTSgUfY9BGDsG-YRglUPkFWU6QZYYsvyHLOpv4ZIpZ7LY6_EX_4_oEfi6Bdg</recordid><startdate>20241101</startdate><enddate>20241101</enddate><creator>Fahad, Fatima</creator><creator>Al-Hashimi, Raghad Abdulrazzaq</creator><creator>Hussien, Zaid R.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20241101</creationdate><title>The Antibacterial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigant Solution</title><author>Fahad, Fatima ; Al-Hashimi, Raghad Abdulrazzaq ; Hussien, Zaid R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-a7bd154befb1c2850aca84fccf431c2996aaf268da11ed112add1621102283c23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Antibacterial activity</topic><topic>Antiinfectives and antibacterials</topic><topic>Assaying</topic><topic>Biological and Medical Physics</topic><topic>Biomaterials</topic><topic>Biophysics</topic><topic>Cellulose</topic><topic>Cellulose nitrate</topic><topic>Chitosan</topic><topic>Circuits and Systems</topic><topic>Comet assay</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Damage detection</topic><topic>DNA damage</topic><topic>Effectiveness</topic><topic>Electrophoresis</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Field emission microscopy</topic><topic>Fourier analysis</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Genotoxicity</topic><topic>Infrared analysis</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Propolis</topic><topic>Root canals</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Sodium hypochlorite</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Toxicity testing</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fahad, Fatima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Hashimi, Raghad Abdulrazzaq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussien, Zaid R.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>BioNanoScience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fahad, Fatima</au><au>Al-Hashimi, Raghad Abdulrazzaq</au><au>Hussien, Zaid R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Antibacterial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigant Solution</atitle><jtitle>BioNanoScience</jtitle><stitle>BioNanoSci</stitle><date>2024-11-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>4369</spage><epage>4380</epage><pages>4369-4380</pages><issn>2191-1630</issn><eissn>2191-1649</eissn><abstract>This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% NaOCl combined with chitosan or propolis nanoparticles at different concentrations. Nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The nanoparticles were divided into different concentrations (0.625, 1, and 3 mg/mL chitosan and 4, 5, and 5.5 mg/mL propolis) and combined with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Antibacterial activity was tested using agar well diffusion assay with
Enterococcus faecalis
biofilm generated on cellulose nitrate membrane filters after overnight incubation at 37 °C. Two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used to evaluate reduction in CFUs among all groups, and
P
< 0.05 was set as the reference for statistically significant results. Cytotoxicity was measured after 24 h by MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and genotoxicity was tested by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to measure DNA damage. The combination of chitosan or propolis nanoparticles of different concentrations with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite showed high antibacterial activity (
P
< 0.01). Cytotoxicity was improved when 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was mixed with 1 and 3 mg of chitosan nanoparticles or 4, 5, and 5.5 mg of propolis nanoparticles, and the difference was highly significant(
P
< 0.01). The addition of nanoparticles improves the antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of NaOCl. This new irrigant can be used in endodontic treatment given its safety and effectiveness against
E. faecalis
.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s12668-023-01260-5</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Antibacterial activity Antiinfectives and antibacterials Assaying Biological and Medical Physics Biomaterials Biophysics Cellulose Cellulose nitrate Chitosan Circuits and Systems Comet assay Cytotoxicity Damage detection DNA damage Effectiveness Electrophoresis Emission analysis Engineering Field emission microscopy Fourier analysis Fourier transforms Genotoxicity Infrared analysis Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Propolis Root canals Scanning electron microscopy Sodium Sodium hypochlorite Statistical analysis Toxicity testing |
title | The Antibacterial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Sodium Hypochlorite as Irrigant Solution |
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