RETRACTED ARTICLE: Investigation on broad beam pattern synthesis

Broad beam patterns are essential for typical navigation and target tracking. Significantly, these patterns are helpful for searching radar in defense applications. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization technique-based synthesis of the broad beam pattern of the linear antenna arrays (LAA) is presented. This synthesis technique employs all three design parameters known as the excitation amplitude, inter-element spacing, and the excitation phase to obtain the desired radiation pattern. The objective of this synthesis process involves defining the extent of the effective flat top, ripples through the flat top, and the sidelobe level. Linear array configuration produces desired sector patterns, and the comparisons of these patterns are performed in θ - domain. The consistency of the algorithm is evaluated by extending the study to different LAA lengths. The simulation-based experimentation is carried out in MATLAB, and the results are analyzed using the obtained radiation patterns.