A review of the latest progress in superhydrophobic surface technology using copper oxide nanoparticles

Recent progress in using copper oxide (CuO) nanomaterials to prepare superhydrophobic properties has encouraged significant advancements across various applications. This comprehensive review examines and consolidates the latest progress in CuO nanostructure synthesis and its applications in fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces. The review includes a multifaceted investigation, beginning with an analysis of the synthesis methods, followed by a study of natural superhydrophobic surfaces, drawing inspiration from their innate properties to prepare artificial equivalents. It proceeds to explore recent advancements in creating and employing CuO superhydrophobic surfaces and the inherent factors impacting their preparation. A crucial aspect involves characterizing the wetting properties of CuO superhydrophobic layers, unveiling the mechanisms governing their functionality across surfaces. Highlighting the essential role of CuO superhydrophobic surfaces, this review emphasizes their significance in various industry applications. However, it also confronts the inherent challenges and limitations in harnessing CuO nanostructure to prepare effective superhydrophobic surfaces, paving the way for future research directions. This comprehensive review fills a critical void in current knowledge and guides the evolution and application of CuO superhydrophobic surfaces in diverse domains.