Capability of single and double elements doped perovskite oxide catalysts in 5-hydroxymethyl furfural oxidation

This research presents the Mn partial substitution in perovskite oxide LaNiO 3 to provoke its catalytic activities for the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) oxidation — a chemical transformation producing higher-value products. The benefit of different B-cation incorporation is to induce the reactive oxygen sites — it plays an essential role in catalysis. Hence, the research aims to study the effect of the Mn element partially replacing Ni-cation in the LaNiO 3 structure, so-called double perovskite oxide with LaMn x Ni 1-x O 3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). The catalysts were synthesized by the sol–gel method. In addition, comprehensive characterizations such as SEM–EDX, XRD, and XPS were used to study catalyst properties, especially oxygen surface sites. The 5-HMF oxidation reaction was performed in TBHP oxidant and acetonitrile solvent. Besides, crucial operating parameters, i.e., temperature (80–120 °C), pressure (1–5 bar), base addition (0–6 mmol), and time (2–24 h), were studied to predict the optimal reaction conditions. The results show that the variation of the Mn element incorporated with LaNiO 3-δ solid affected 5-HMF conversion and the intermediate distribution. The LaMn 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 3-δ , a high relative O 2− latt /O ads ratio catalyst, shows 100% HMF conversion with as much as 61% FDCA yield. The appropriated value of 0.04 mmol Na 2 CO 3 addition, 120 °C operating temperature, and 2-h reaction time suggested for the highly catalyzed 5-HMF oxidation over the alternative LaMn x Ni 1-x O 3-δ catalyst. Graphical abstract