Enhancement of a software–hardware system for measuring volleyball players' speed indicators and evaluating its effectiveness in a pedagogical context

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of assessing agility in volleyball players by comparing traditional testing methods with computerized measurements, using student athletes as subjects. Methods: A comprehensive approach was employed, including analysis of scientific literature, pedagogical observation, exclusive interviews, traditional agility tests, and computerized measurement tools designed for precise speed assessment. Heart and respiratory rate were monitored, and statistical analyses were performed. Results: Modification of traditional tests, including "Running for 92 meters in the shape of spruce" and "Running 5 x 6 m, (30 m)" was performed, introducing a new running test named "Running in the shape of star" (certificate No. 005215). Following implementation, the running time improvements were notable: "Running in the spruce configuration" increased from 4.19 s to 9.25 в, "Running 5 x 6 m" from 4.78 s to 10.60 в, and "Star" from 3.35 s to 9.09 s. A computerized device was developed (certificate No. 005215), ensuring reliable data storage and comparison with traditional tests. Improvements were observed in "Running in the spruce configuration" (5.73%), "5 x 6 m running" (10.41%), and "Running in the shape of star" (7.25% left side, 7.42% right side). In the control group, these indicators are 1.51%, 2.73%, and 5.18%. Conclusion: The analysis of various sources has revealed a significant limitation in relying solely on stopwatch-based tests to assess the quality of speed characteristics in sports games. These tests, conducted without standardized conditions and procedures, are susceptible to subjective or mechanical influences such as stopwatch accuracy, the mental state of the participants, and the observers' knowledge and experience. Consequently, the objectivity and reliability of the results obtained through such methods are compromised. This discrepancy is evident in volleyball, where regulatory requirements established by experts for qualified players aged 18-20 for the "Running for 92 meters in the shape of spruce" test vary considerably (ranging from 23.4-24.0 to 25.0-25.9 в). Such inconsistencies have been observed in evaluations, current research, and survey results reviewed in the analysis.