Sensitivity of Various Cell Cultures to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus from Clinical Patient Material

To study the pathogenesis of viral infection at the cellular level, the results of analysis of the interaction of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), obtained from clinical patient material, with a diploid culture of human embryonic lung cells LECh-3 and a continuous cell line of carcinoma HeLa, are presented. The objective of the work was to study the sensitivity of some cell cultures to hRSV. Cell cultures were taken from the collection of the “Virome” Federal Research Institute of Viral Infections. A clinical strain of hRSV was isolated from a patient diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection. The sensitivity of cell cultures to this virus was studied based on the degree of cytopathic effect. Quantitative assessment of infectious hRSV particles was carried out by titrating the virus-containing liquid according to the Reed–Muench method, calculating the value of the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (log TCID 50 /cm 3 ). An analysis of cell mitotic activity of each of the studied cultures infected with the supernatant was also carried out. When analyzing the results of the study, evidence was obtained that LECh-3 cells are more sensitive to hRSV compared to the HeLa cell line. The infectious titer of the virus in fibroblasts was 5.50 ± 0.17, while in epithelial-like cells it was 3.75 ± 0.04. In addition, differences were found in changes in mitotic activity in the compared cultures: stimulation of cell division was observed in LECh-3 cells, while, on the contrary, inhibition was observed in the HeLa culture. The LECh-3 cell culture is promising for isolating and studying hRSV.