The Research Progress of Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis
The performance of the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline water electrolysis, an attractive hydrogen production technology, is highly dependent on efficient catalysts. Ruthenium (Ru), which is more affordable than platinum (Pt) and has a metal–hydrogen bond strength comparable to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Catalysts 2024-10, Vol.14 (10), p.671 |
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| creator | Lin, Bi-Li Chen, Xing Niu, Bai-Tong Lin, Yuan-Ting Chen, Yan-Xin Lin, Xiu-Mei |
| description | The performance of the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline water electrolysis, an attractive hydrogen production technology, is highly dependent on efficient catalysts. Ruthenium (Ru), which is more affordable than platinum (Pt) and has a metal–hydrogen bond strength comparable to that of Pt, shows exceptional catalytic activity for the alkaline HER. Consequently, in recent years, research in the field of hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis has increasingly focused on Ru as a key element. This review first discusses the fundamentals of the alkaline HER, including principles, factors affecting its performance, and regulation strategies for its performance improvement. The research progress of ruthenium-based catalysts for the alkaline HER is then summarized with selected examples. The electronic structures of various ruthenium nanoparticles, ruthenium-M (M = noble metals and transition metals) heterogeneous catalysts, and ruthenium-based compounds are regulated by modulating the components and ligands of Ru atoms, aiming to achieve low water dissociation energies and optimal binding energies for hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl (−OH) groups, thereby enhancing the alkaline HER catalytic performance. Finally, the problems, challenges, and future development directions of the alkaline HER are proposed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/catal14100671 |
| format | Article |
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Ruthenium (Ru), which is more affordable than platinum (Pt) and has a metal–hydrogen bond strength comparable to that of Pt, shows exceptional catalytic activity for the alkaline HER. Consequently, in recent years, research in the field of hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis has increasingly focused on Ru as a key element. This review first discusses the fundamentals of the alkaline HER, including principles, factors affecting its performance, and regulation strategies for its performance improvement. The research progress of ruthenium-based catalysts for the alkaline HER is then summarized with selected examples. The electronic structures of various ruthenium nanoparticles, ruthenium-M (M = noble metals and transition metals) heterogeneous catalysts, and ruthenium-based compounds are regulated by modulating the components and ligands of Ru atoms, aiming to achieve low water dissociation energies and optimal binding energies for hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl (−OH) groups, thereby enhancing the alkaline HER catalytic performance. Finally, the problems, challenges, and future development directions of the alkaline HER are proposed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4344</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/catal14100671</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adsorption ; Alternative energy sources ; Bonding strength ; Catalysts ; Catalytic activity ; Electrolysis ; Energy consumption ; Force and energy ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen bonding ; Hydrogen bonds ; Hydrogen evolution reactions ; Hydrogen production ; Noble metals ; Platinum ; Renewable resources ; Ruthenium ; Transition metals ; Water</subject><ispartof>Catalysts, 2024-10, Vol.14 (10), p.671</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c229t-4a0c9dec254b03dacdc12c06616e3b54bdf8acffb76584b918252542d583b613</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1828-3574</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27907,27908</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, Bi-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niu, Bai-Tong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Yuan-Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yan-Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Xiu-Mei</creatorcontrib><title>The Research Progress of Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis</title><title>Catalysts</title><description>The performance of the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline water electrolysis, an attractive hydrogen production technology, is highly dependent on efficient catalysts. Ruthenium (Ru), which is more affordable than platinum (Pt) and has a metal–hydrogen bond strength comparable to that of Pt, shows exceptional catalytic activity for the alkaline HER. Consequently, in recent years, research in the field of hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis has increasingly focused on Ru as a key element. This review first discusses the fundamentals of the alkaline HER, including principles, factors affecting its performance, and regulation strategies for its performance improvement. The research progress of ruthenium-based catalysts for the alkaline HER is then summarized with selected examples. The electronic structures of various ruthenium nanoparticles, ruthenium-M (M = noble metals and transition metals) heterogeneous catalysts, and ruthenium-based compounds are regulated by modulating the components and ligands of Ru atoms, aiming to achieve low water dissociation energies and optimal binding energies for hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl (−OH) groups, thereby enhancing the alkaline HER catalytic performance. Finally, the problems, challenges, and future development directions of the alkaline HER are proposed.</description><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Alternative energy sources</subject><subject>Bonding strength</subject><subject>Catalysts</subject><subject>Catalytic activity</subject><subject>Electrolysis</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Force and energy</subject><subject>Hydrogen</subject><subject>Hydrogen bonding</subject><subject>Hydrogen bonds</subject><subject>Hydrogen evolution reactions</subject><subject>Hydrogen production</subject><subject>Noble metals</subject><subject>Platinum</subject><subject>Renewable resources</subject><subject>Ruthenium</subject><subject>Transition metals</subject><subject>Water</subject><issn>2073-4344</issn><issn>2073-4344</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpVUUtLAzEQDqJgqT16D3jemtfuZo-1VCsISil4XLLZSZu63dQkK_Tfm1oPOnOYYeZ7HD6EbimZcl6Re62i6qighBQlvUAjRkqeCS7E5Z_9Gk1C2JFUFeWS5iM0rLeAVxBAeb3Fb95tPISAncGrIW6ht8M-e1ABWjw_GRxDDNg4j9MPz7oP1dke8PLYJiL0ePHluiFa1ydJpX8W2-N3FcHjRQc6epckbLhBV0Z1ASa_c4zWj4v1fJm9vD49z2cvmWasiplQRFctaJaLhvBW6VZTpklR0AJ4k46tkUob05RFLkVTUcnyhGVtLnlTUD5Gd2fZg3efA4RY79zg--RYc8pILqqCyYSanlEb1UFte-OiVzp1C3urXQ_GpvtMUsFlyWSVCNmZoL0LwYOpD97ulT_WlNSnMOp_YfBvK3t-Fw</recordid><startdate>20241001</startdate><enddate>20241001</enddate><creator>Lin, Bi-Li</creator><creator>Chen, Xing</creator><creator>Niu, Bai-Tong</creator><creator>Lin, Yuan-Ting</creator><creator>Chen, Yan-Xin</creator><creator>Lin, Xiu-Mei</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-3574</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241001</creationdate><title>The Research Progress of Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis</title><author>Lin, Bi-Li ; Chen, Xing ; Niu, Bai-Tong ; Lin, Yuan-Ting ; Chen, Yan-Xin ; Lin, Xiu-Mei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c229t-4a0c9dec254b03dacdc12c06616e3b54bdf8acffb76584b918252542d583b613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Alternative energy sources</topic><topic>Bonding strength</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Catalytic activity</topic><topic>Electrolysis</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Force and energy</topic><topic>Hydrogen</topic><topic>Hydrogen bonding</topic><topic>Hydrogen bonds</topic><topic>Hydrogen evolution reactions</topic><topic>Hydrogen production</topic><topic>Noble metals</topic><topic>Platinum</topic><topic>Renewable resources</topic><topic>Ruthenium</topic><topic>Transition metals</topic><topic>Water</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, Bi-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niu, Bai-Tong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Yuan-Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yan-Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Xiu-Mei</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><jtitle>Catalysts</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, Bi-Li</au><au>Chen, Xing</au><au>Niu, Bai-Tong</au><au>Lin, Yuan-Ting</au><au>Chen, Yan-Xin</au><au>Lin, Xiu-Mei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Research Progress of Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis</atitle><jtitle>Catalysts</jtitle><date>2024-10-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>671</spage><pages>671-</pages><issn>2073-4344</issn><eissn>2073-4344</eissn><abstract>The performance of the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline water electrolysis, an attractive hydrogen production technology, is highly dependent on efficient catalysts. Ruthenium (Ru), which is more affordable than platinum (Pt) and has a metal–hydrogen bond strength comparable to that of Pt, shows exceptional catalytic activity for the alkaline HER. Consequently, in recent years, research in the field of hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis has increasingly focused on Ru as a key element. This review first discusses the fundamentals of the alkaline HER, including principles, factors affecting its performance, and regulation strategies for its performance improvement. The research progress of ruthenium-based catalysts for the alkaline HER is then summarized with selected examples. The electronic structures of various ruthenium nanoparticles, ruthenium-M (M = noble metals and transition metals) heterogeneous catalysts, and ruthenium-based compounds are regulated by modulating the components and ligands of Ru atoms, aiming to achieve low water dissociation energies and optimal binding energies for hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl (−OH) groups, thereby enhancing the alkaline HER catalytic performance. Finally, the problems, challenges, and future development directions of the alkaline HER are proposed.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/catal14100671</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-3574</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adsorption Alternative energy sources Bonding strength Catalysts Catalytic activity Electrolysis Energy consumption Force and energy Hydrogen Hydrogen bonding Hydrogen bonds Hydrogen evolution reactions Hydrogen production Noble metals Platinum Renewable resources Ruthenium Transition metals Water |
| title | The Research Progress of Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis |
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