FACTORS AFFECTING SEED VIGOUR

The seed industry is essentially based on the production of quality seeds with high germination and vigour percentages and for that reason the aim of this study was to point out the most important factors that affect seed vigour. This study shows an overview of the development of seed vigour tests throughout history. Seed vigour is affected by many environmental factors, as well as genetic factors, of which the chemical composition of seeds, hardheadedness and resistance to disease-producing agents express positive effects. Special attention is paid to the role of phytohormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA), in regulating seed dormancy and their interaction with environmental factors, including temperature, light and moisture. The research results reveal a complex network of interactions among genetic factors, phytohormones and environmental conditions that mutually modulate the degree of seed dormancy and its impact on germination and seed vigour. Experimental data show that the application of certain agrochemical treatments can change the level of phytohormones and consequently alter the rate of seed dormancy and germination. Further research of these mechanisms will reveal prospects for the development of innovative technologies for the improvement of the seed industry as an inseparable part of agricultural production. This study provides a deeper understanding of the regulation of seed vigour and, also identifies new approaches to the improvement of plant production in accordance with the demands of contemporary agriculture.