A review on network lifetime enhancement of wireless senores through energy efficient routing protocol

A network of numerous inexpensive micro-sensors is called a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Different types of messages are collected and sent to a Base Station (BS) via this network. Energy-efficient routing protocols should be used in WSNs because these networks are made up of low-cost nodes with limited battery power, and because replacing batteries in WSNs with thousands of physically attached nodes is difficult, they should be utilized. WSN have a very important lifetime. Not only will balancing WSN load and reducing overall energy consumption help us reach our goal, but they will both be necessary. The military, healthcare monitoring systems, natural disasters, smartphones, and other surveillance systems are just some of the many places where WSNs might be put to use. Even while sensor nodes are typically deployed in huge numbers and function autonomously, they are often used to collect data in hazardous environments without human intervention. It is common for authority to be constrained by a lack of resources. Because of the need to improve the efficacy of network communication, these nodes are organized into clusters. WSNs can create huge amounts of raw data, which needs to be organized in the network and shared efficiently between nodes so that it can be sent quickly. So, in this review is to look at various energy-balance routing methods for WSNs. This study examines the functionality and performance of network lifetime and presents a system for classifying current energy-efficient routing methods for WSNs. In conclusion, the paper highlights problems and difficulties with current WSN routing protocols. These can help guide future research.