Comparative analysis of open-source federated learning frameworks - a literature-based survey and review

While Federated Learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving approach to analyze sensitive data without centralizing training data, the field lacks an detailed comparison of emerging open-source FL frameworks. Furthermore, there is currently no standardized, weighted evaluation scheme for a fair comparison of FL frameworks that would support the selection of a suitable FL framework. This study addresses these research gaps by conducting a comparative analysis of 15 individual open-source FL frameworks filtered by two selection criteria, using the literature review methodology proposed by Webster and Watson. These framework candidates are compared using a novel scoring schema with 15 qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria, focusing on features, interoperability, and user friendliness. The evaluation results show that the FL framework Flower outperforms its peers with an overall score of 84.75%, while Fedlearner lags behind with a total score of 24.75%. The proposed comparison suite offers valuable initial guidance for practitioners and researchers in selecting an FL framework for the design and development of FL-driven systems. In addition, the FL framework comparison suite is designed to be adaptable and extendable accommodating the inclusion of new FL frameworks and evolving requirements.