Genetic variability and genotype-by-environment interaction for plant architecture and lodging resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Hand harvesting of lentils is laborious, time-consuming, and costly. Hence, there is a need to develop a mechanical harvesting system to improve the profitability of lentil crop. Lodging resistance is an important trait to be considered in developing lentil varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting. In the present study, genetic variability for lodging resistance and other agro-morphological and phenological traits was assessed in 50 lentil genotypes in three environments under Moroccan semi-arid conditions. Genotype and genotype-by-environment interaction had significant effects on lodging and other traits. High heritability values obtained for lodging indicate that expected genetic gain for lodging resistance can be achieved through breeding. The linear correlation and path analysis showed the importance of stem diameter, pods per peduncle, seedling vigour, and hundred-seed weight in the selection for lodging resistance; however, no trait showed a strong and consistent direct effect on lodging. Among all assessed genotypes, G11, G18, G27, G17, G44, and G41 were identified as promising. These genotypes could be exploited to develop lentil varieties with improved standing ability for mechanical harvesting. The mechanical harvesting was successfully achieved for the genotype G18 during two growing seasons with low seed losses. This advanced line successfully passed the DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) and VCU (Value for Cultivation and Use: Agronomic and Technological Value) registration tests and has been registered in Morocco as new variety. The release of lentil varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting can help increase the production and profitability of lentil in Morocco and other regions, thereby contributing to food security and agricultural sustainability.