Factor VIII inhibitor and laboratory assay: State of the art

Coagulation factor inhibitors include antibodies that selectively bind and then oppose different plasma proteins that have a pro-coagulant effect. The development of coagulation factor inhibitors can occur against any of the factors involved in coagulation cascades, with the most frequently affected factor VIII (FVIII). Individuals with inherited haemophilia A (HA) May experience the development of these conditions as a result of an immune response to factor replacement therapy or the presence of autoantibodies, which subsequently lead to the onset of acquired HA. The laboratory diagnosis of factor inhibitors necessitates a thorough and systematic methodology that eliminates other plausible reasons for extended screening tests, primarily the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The measurement of inhibitor titre, which is guided by the results of the Bethesda assay, is performed to determine the optimal treatment approach. The purpose of this review for our laboratory is to enhance understanding, offer a framework to place and validate our work, and consequently improve our chances for achieving success. Data obtained from a literature review typically encompasses subjects and methodologies that have been investigated in this field, as well as the currently recognized optimal approaches. The paper summarizes the laboratory research into factor inhibitors and briefly reviews the latest research.