Application of Zero Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Neuroimaging: A Pictorial Essay

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for imaging assessment because of its high spatial resolution and dynamic information. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with time-of-flight (TOF) technique is widely used as a non-invasive investigation to diagnose or follow up patients with cerebrovascular malformations. Relative comparison of common cerebral magnetic resonance angiography techniques. Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) image (a) showing susceptibility artefacts around the flow diverter (arrow). ZTE MRA additionally showed abnormal signal in the left cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein, which was suspected to be concomitant CCF (Figure 2f), with a differential diagnosis of retrograde flow from the condylar dural AVF. Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) [a-c] demonstrates an abnormally dilated left condylar confluencewith heterogeneous flow signal (a) [arrow] and subtle flow signal around the left vertebral artery (b) [arrow]. Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) [a] showing abnormal flow in the right transverse sinus (arrow),while zero echo time MRA (b) showing arterialised flow in both transverse sinuses (arrows).