LDH–Ferrite–Biochar–Polymeric Composites for Enhanced Adsorption–Desorption of Acid Blue 41 and Real Textile Wastewater Purification: A Batch and Column Study

One major cause of to environmental pollution is industrial dye wastewater. The main purpose of current work was synthesis and investigation of effectiveness of LDH–Ferrite–Biochar–Polymeric composites for removal of anionic dye (Acid blue 41) from wastewater. The co-precipitation technique is used to synthesize Zn–Al Layered double hydroxide-Manganese ferrite–Egg Shell biochar–Starch (Zn–Al–MnFe 2 O 4 –ESB–Sta), Cu–Al Layered double hydroxide–Cadmium ferrite–Eucalyptus bark biochar–Chitosan (Cu–Al–CdFe 2 O 4 –EBB–Cs), Cd–Al Layered double hydroxide–Cobalt ferrite–Jujube wood biochar–Sodium alginate (Cd–Al–CoFe 2 O 4 –JWB–Na–Alg), Mn–Al Layered double hydroxide–Copper ferrite–Mulberry Stem Biochar–Starch (Mn–Al–CuFe 2 O 4 –MSB–Sta) and Co–Al Layered double hydroxide–zinc ferrite-peanut shell biochar–carboxymethyl cellulose (Co–Al–ZnFe 2 O 4 –PSB–CMC). According to findings of recent studies, Zn–Al–MnFe 2 O 4 –ESB-Sta (40.1 mg/g), Cu–Al–CdFe 2 O 4 –EBB–Cs (35.6 mg/g), Cd–Al–CoFe 2 O 4 –JWB–Na–Alg (28.1 mg/g), Mn–Al–CuFe 2 O 4 –MSB-Sta (37.3 mg/g) and Co–Al–ZnFe 2 O 4 –PSB–CMC (31.2 mg/g) has adsorption capacity for acid blue 41 dye. All composites achieved maximum adsorption effectiveness in acidic range (2–5), eliminating AB-41 dye in 45 min at optimal dose 0.05 g and 150 mg/l initial dye concentration was optimum. After 30 °C, adsorption potential decreased, indicating exothermic mechanisms. The efficiency was still adequate after five cycles of regeneration. The Pseudo 2nd order Kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model were successfully implemented among the applied models. The aforementioned composites are deemed the most cost-effective, energy-efficient, ecologically friendly, and biologically renewable materials for treating wastewater containing AB-41 dye. The results indicate that Zn–Al–MnFe 2 O 4 –ESB–Sta is the most effective synthetic composite for water remediation among all others. Furthermore, it was discovered in a column study that the ideal bed height, flow rate, and inlet concentration of dye were 3 cm, 3.6 ml/min, and 50 mg/l, respectively, for achieving the highest adsorption of AB-41 dye. Graphical Abstract