Pathophysiology of cartilage damage in knee osteoarthritis and regenerative approaches toward recovery

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic ailment that significantly contributes to disability in the elderly population. Despite its widespread impact, recent years have witnessed remarkable strides in its treatment. This condition affects the entire joint, posing a significant challenge in regenerating articular cartilage, particularly in the presence of active inflammation. The contemporary approach to OA treatment encompasses a spectrum of therapeutic options, ranging from cell and gene therapies to innovative tissue engineering techniques. This review seeks to offer a comprehensive insight into the current landscape of regenerative strategies, delving into their respective advantages and drawbacks while addressing the inherent challenges and potential opportunities they present. By scrutinizing the existing methodologies, the aim is to guide future research endeavors toward targeted areas that hold promise for propelling advancements in the field of OA treatment. As the scientific community continues to explore novel avenues, the holistic understanding presented in this review sets the stage for a more nuanced and informed approach to managing this prevalent and debilitating condition.