Comparison of Back-Scattering and Forward-Scattering Methods in Short Range Microwave Imaging Systems

Microwave imaging technique allows obtaining images of hidden objects in structures and media using microwaves. Usually in short-range microwave imaging systems, the back-scattered signal is used, when a combined transmit-receive antenna scans over a plane, forming a two-dimensional synthesized aperture, while the signal reflected from the object of observation is recorded, as a result of which a microwave hologram of the object is formed. The second option involves registering the forward-scattered signal, when the transmitting and receiving antennas are located on opposite sides of the object and scan synchronously. The purpose of this work is a theoretical and experimental comparison of these two sounding options, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each option, taking into account the features that arise when solving various problems of microwave imaging.