Numerical modelling to assess the effect of residual groundwater ferrous concentration on pyrite oxidation

Groundwater containing pyrite and dissolved ferrous ions may oxidize, potentially producing acidic and metal-rich water that is harmful to ecosystems and human health. Groundwater conditions, which are affected by both chemical reactions and hydrogeological factors, that have been the subject of an intensive numerical investigation because of their impact on pyrite oxidation. The solubility of ferrous ions, which act as catalysts in the oxidation process, and the kinetics of pyrite oxidation are both properly modeled in the numerical simulation. The model considers hydrogeological factors including pH, temperature, and flow rates for a more accurate representation of the real world. The numerical model accurately represents pyrite oxidation kinetics and ferrous ion solubility, making it possible to investigate temporal and spatial variations in water quality. According to our findings, groundwater acidity and metal pollutant formation are both accelerated by dissolved ferrous ions, which in turn accelerates pyrite oxidation. The study also highlights the rise in ferrous ion concentration with depth because of pyrite’s increasing oxidation rate. Water quality is shown to vary across time and place because of pyrite oxidation in a series of simulations. The findings demonstrate that groundwater acidity and metal pollutant generation are both accelerated by the presence of dissolved ferrous ions, which are produced during the oxidation of pyrite. Potential factors on oxidation rates are also investigated, including groundwater flow patterns, the reactive surface area of pyrite, and the initial concentrations of ferrous ions. Exploration provides insights into the primary causes of pyrite oxidation in different hydrogeological conditions, which is critical for designing effective countermeasures. The need of considering both chemical and hydrogeological criteria to effectively predict the degree of pyrite oxidation and its potential ramifications on water resources. The findings of this research are helpful in formulating efficient plans for dealing with pyrite’s harmful effects on groundwater quality. It is essential to consider both chemical and hydrogeological characteristics to appropriately forecast the degree of pyrite oxidation and its prospective effects on water resources. The findings of this research may be utilized to gain a greater understanding of pyrite’s role in polluting groundwater.