Effectiveness and safety of Glargine U-100 and detemir insulin in hyperglycemic pregnancy: a record-based observational study

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common medical condition affecting a high number of pregnant women worldwide, is characterized by high blood glucose levels that develop during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester, in women with no prior history of diabetes. While GDM usually resolves after delivery, it can have significant short-term and long-term adverse effects on both the mother and the fetus. Though insulin therapy is the recommended primary treatment, there exists limited evidence comparing the safety and effectiveness of different long-acting insulin analogues, including glargine U-100 and detemir insulin. Objective The study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of long-acting insulin analogs, glargine U-100 and detemir insulin, in hyperglycemic pregnancy. Methods This record-based observational study involved 64 subjects, with data collected from medical records. The study assessed demographic data, glycaemic parameters, incidence of hypoglycemia, and neonatal outcomes. Results The results showed that both insulins were effective in reducing glycaemic levels, but glargine U-100 was associated with better glycemic control, fewer hypoglycemic episodes and less need for dose intensification. The results showed that both insulins were safe when considering infants’ health assessed at 6 months. Conclusion The study concluded that glargine U-100 may be a preferred treatment option for hyperglycemic pregnancy. Further studies are needed for optimizing treatment strategies in hyperglycemic pregnancies.