A review on the synthesis and characterization of MXene and electrochemical sensor of dopamine and glucose

This comprehensive review provides a novel and insightful perspective on the utilization of MXenes, a fascinating class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, for the electrochemical sensing of glucose (GU) and dopamine (DA). The novelty of this work lies in the detailed examination of MXenes' exceptional properties, including their remarkable electrical conductivity and tunable surface chemistry, which set them apart from conventional materials. Additionally, the review explores a diverse range of synthesis methods, such as the etching of MAX phases and direct synthesis approaches, highlighting their versatility and adaptability to specific sensing requirements. The paper also meticulously investigates the influence of various synthesis parameters on the distinctive properties of MXenes, offering valuable insights into their practical applications. Advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and electrochemical analysis, are employed to enhance the understanding of MXene structure and electrochemical behavior, particularly in the context of sensing applications. Furthermore, the review addresses the real-world challenges and opportunities associated with integrating MXenes into practical electrochemical sensors, emphasizing the potential of hybrid nanocomposites and the incorporation of MXenes with other nanomaterials. In conclusion, this review serves as a compelling call to action for further research, inspiring the development of enhanced electrochemical sensors with promising implications for the biomedical and environmental fields.