Comparative study of stag leap performance in rhythmic gymnastics: Motion analysis of two different take-off techniques

Problem statement: Rhythmic gymnastics is known for its graceful, fluid movements requiring strength and dynamism, particularly in jumping. Jumps are a crucial component of rhythmic gymnastics routines, requiring high motor coordination in the upper and lower limbs. Purpose: In this case study, we performed a pilot investigation into the differences in performance of the stag leap executed with two take-off techniques using kinematic and dynamic parameters. To gain comprehensive insights, we employed a gold-standard motion analysis system. Approach: The sample consists of a 23-year-old competitive gymnast. Data were collected using the BTS Bioengineering integrated multifactorial optoelectronic system, comprising six BTS Smart-DX cameras and seven BTS-6000 force platforms. Additionally, fifteen passive markers, adhering to the Helen-Hayes protocol, were applied to specific anatomical landmarks on the athlete's body. Two additional cameras were used for video support during the acquisitions. Results: The results show that executing the stag leap with a two-foot take-off produces higher jump height, amplitude, and ground reaction force compared to the same jump performed with a one-foot take-off. Furthermore, the angle of the vector at maximum force tends to be more vertical in the two-foot take-off compared to the jump executed with a one-foot take-off. Conclusions: The results provided a quantitative understanding of aspects previously known only qualitatively. By relating qualitative aspects to quantitative data, the study described specific parameters crucial for defining jump technique with favorable biomechanical characteristics, thereby enhancing performance. This contributes significantly to the development of effective training methodologies based on scientific research.