Theoretical Determination of Lead Availability and Speciation in Laboratory-Prepared Groundwater

Geochemical equilibrium models are useful tools for predicting metal solubility and speciation prior to appropriate decisions on remediation possibilities. Therefore, for lead (Pb) bioremediation purposes from artificial groundwater are critical to predicting its availability and speciation. This study assesses to predict the solubility and speciation of Pb in laboratory-prepared groundwater under the change in pH, and calcium, phosphate, and humic acid effects using thermodynamic calculation (MINTEQ program). In the results, lead availability declined with an increase in pH, calcium, phosphate, and humic acid of AGW. Rendering to the MINTEQ program, lead binds to some cations exit fewer free ions accessible in AGW such as Pb(SO 4 ) 2 , PbCl + , HA1-Pb, FA1-Pb, FA2-Pb, and HA2-Pb. It is suggested that pH in AGW is maintained at low pH intended for the best obtainability of lead and remediation possibilities.