The Effect of Climate Change on some Agricultural Crop Production in Basrah Governorate

Agricultural production is directly affected by changes in the climatic elements, whether positive or negative, and the impact of this change is reflected in the area, yield and crop production, which affects the crop structure, so this research aims to analyse the impact of climate changes on crops for the period (1983-2022). As a comparative study, this is done by studying the yield and productivity of some crops and the most important appropriate climatic elements affecting their cultivation. These elements include the minimum and maximum temperatures, relative humidity, rainfall and their impact on some grain crops, which are Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, and vegetable crops, which are Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena, Cucumis sativus and Citrullus lanatus, as they were recorded during these periods. The highest mean maximum temperature was 27.67 °C as a general average for the period 2016-2022, and the lowest was 14 °C for the period 1983-1994. Humidity and rainfall were highest at 52.28% and 21.14% for the period 1994-2005, respectively, and the lowest was 47.42 and 12.42 for the period 2016-2022 and 2005-2. 016 on respectively. As for the yield, it was recorded for the grain crops T. aestivum and H. vulgare, the highest being 341083 and 191917 kg for the period 2016-2022, and the lowest being 19557 and 20272 kg for the periods 1983-1994 and 1994-2005, respectively. As for the yield of vegetable crops, the highest yield was for S. lycopersicum, which was 110,500 kg in 2016-2022, and the highest yield for S. melongena was 40,250 kg for the same period. As for the crops of cucumber and watercress, the highest yields were 2,000,000 and 906,750 kg for the periods 1994-2005 and 2016-2022, respectively, and the lowest was 198,700. And 258,482 kg for the two periods of 2016-2022 and 1983-1994, respectively. As for C. lanatus, its highest yield was 906,750 for the period 2016-2022, and the lowest was 258,182 kg for the period 1983-1994. The results also included identifying and knowing the productivity of the studied crops, so it recorded the highest and lowest values for it and for different periods of time, as it reached the highest productivity for T. aestivum and H. vulgare crops 4366714 and 33353105 tons for the time period 2016-2022 and 23185143 tons for S. lycopersicum and 1857167 tons and 1274300 for the crop of C. sativus and 1274300 tons for C. lanatus for the same time period and for S. melongena the highest yield was 243709 tons for