Synthesis of Ciprofloxacin-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles and their Study Antibacterial Effects on Growth Biofilm Formation Through Nebulizer Mask Against Respiratory Infection

An efficient strategy involves the use of antibiotic-conjugated nanoparticles. This research primarily aimed to enhance the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by binding them with ciprofloxacin. We investigated the biological, optical, and structural characteristics of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their combination with ciprofloxacin (CIP@AuNPs). We performed a number of analyses using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–VIS spectroscopy using a cost-effective pulsed-laser ablation technique (PLAL). The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were notably determined by the TEM analysis, which showed an average particle size of less than 20 nm. We also investigated the antibacterial effects of AuNPs, ciprofloxacin, and CIP@AuNPs against two bacterial strains: the gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia and the gram-positive Streptococcus pneumonia . Utilizing the well-diffusion method, we observed that CIP@AuNPs exhibited greater effectiveness compared to ciprofloxacin alone or AuNPs alone. The bacterial strains tested in this study exhibited a high degree of resistance to the antibiotics under investigation. The antimicrobial activity assay revealed the most significant inhibition zone when dealing with S. pneumonia , as compared to K. pneumonia . Notably, Ciprofloxacin-conjugated gold nanoparticles displayed a more pronounced inhibitory effect when contrasted with Ciprofloxacin or standalone AuNPs. We further delved into the nanoparticles’ capacity to prevent biofilm formation, supported by atomic force microscopy (AFM) research examining how Ciprofloxacin-conjugated gold nanoparticles influenced bacterial biofilm development within nebulizer masks. The combination of Ciprofloxacin-conjugated gold nanoparticles holds promise as a preservative for nebulizer masks, effectively curbing the formation of microbial biofilms. Additionally, Ciprofloxacin-conjugated gold nanoparticles demonstrated antioxidant activity through the DPPH assay. These investigations underscore the potential utility of these particles in the development of antioxidant drugs. In vitro assessments revealed that Ciprofloxacin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Ciprofloxacin@Au) proved effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria, establishing their credentials as potent antibacterial agents. In summary, addressing the challenges associated with biofilm formation in nebulizer masks is paramount for safeguarding the health a