Optimization Strategies for the Envelope of Student Dormitories in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions: Multi-Criteria Assessment Method

Energy consumption in student dormitories, key living and study spaces, is a major concern for institutions and communities. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model to address the issue of incomplete single-dimensional analysis in existing research. Firstly, optimization was conducted separately for the external walls, windows, and roof to study different parts of the building envelope. Secondly, a student dormitory in a hot summer and cold winter region was used for a comprehensive optimization analysis. The study compared energy consumption, carbon emissions, and costs with the original building, showing a 31.79% reduction in energy savings (ESR), while carbon emission savings (CESR) and cost savings (CSR) increased by 57.18% and 15.58%. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate window configurations for sustainability. Optimized thermally broken Low-E glass windows save 5.6% in annual energy consumption compared to aluminum alloy double-glazed windows, with only a 0.03% increase in energy consumption and a 4.49% rise in costs. Long-term, optimized windows provide greater positive feedback for energy efficiency. This case study offers insights for retrofitting buildings with good wall performance but poor window performance and emphasizes the comprehensive decision-making authority of designers and policymakers in sustainable renovations.