Multiscale enhanced non‐uniform transformation field analysis

Enhanced transformation field analysis (E‐TFA), recently proposed for reduced‐order modeling, is here formulated for and applied to multiscale analysis. The approach is able to reproduce a highly complex nonlinear macroscale behavior, resulting from a microstructure with cohesive interfaces embedded in an elasto‐plastic bulk. E‐TFA features a consistent tangent matrix in its solution procedure, which enables a straightforward definition of the upscaled tangent stiffness tensor. Numerical tests show that, compared to FE 2$$ {}^2 $$, the proposed approach yields accurate solutions at a lower computational cost.