Efficient control of three-dimensional atom localization via probe absorption in a phase-coherent atomic medium

We propose a new scheme for the study of three-dimensional (3D) atom localization by observing spatially modulated absorption of a weak probe field operating in a multi-wave-mixing induced four-level atomic system. The field-coupled atomic model can be envisaged as a closed-loop double-lambda configuration. By controlling Rabi frequency, detuning, and field-induced collective phase-coherence, different spatial structures of localization patterns are presented with a variety of standing wave field configurations. Our results highlight that 100% detection probability of atom is possible in the present model in many ways with high-precision measurement of spatial absorption. It has been shown that position information of the atom with maximum detection probability can be efficiently controlled by employing a travelling-wave field in association with the standing wave fields in the system. For a specific field configuration, the maximum detection probability of finding the atom can be obtained with a limit of spatial resolution better than λ /40 in our model. The efficacy of the present model is to find its applications in quantum information processing in the near future.