Compression behaviors of a freeze–thaw impacted clay under saturated and unsaturated conditions
This study investigates the influences of moisture content and freeze–thaw (FT) cycles on the compression behaviors of a compacted clay. Compacted specimens were first conditioned to different moisture contents ( w ) and then subjected to FT cycles. The treated specimens were either (i) directly use...
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description | This study investigates the influences of moisture content and freeze–thaw (FT) cycles on the compression behaviors of a compacted clay. Compacted specimens were first conditioned to different moisture contents (
w
) and then subjected to FT cycles. The treated specimens were either (i) directly used for constant water content (CW) compression tests or (ii) saturated and used for conventional consolidation tests to determine the compression curves under unsaturated and saturated conditions, respectively. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were performed to track the evolution of the soil’s pore structure during moisture and FT conditionings. The compression indexes (including the recompression index
C
r
, preconsolidation pressure
σ
vp
or
σ
’
vp
, and compression index
C
c
of the specimens) derived from the experimental results demonstrate that (i) within the initial elastic compression range, the
C
r
is independent of moisture content changes but increases after FT conditioning. The variations of
C
r
are associated with the volume of soil’s large pores (
e
l
), which remains constant during moisture conditioning but increases after FT cycles; (ii) within the elastoplastic compression range, the
σ
vp
or
σ
’
vp
increases, while the
C
c
decreases as the moisture content decreases. However, the
σ
vp
,
σ
’
vp
, and
C
c
decrease after FT cycles. The
σ
vp
,
σ
’
vp
, and
C
c
are related to the volume of the soil’s medium pores (
e
m
), which decreases after moisture and FT conditionings. A few unique relationships are established to reveal the influences of pore structure changes on compression characteristics. The variations of the soil’s shrinkage curves under different external stress are also analyzed considering the effects of the changes in the pore structure. A model was proposed for the void ratio–moisture content–external stress relationships. This model was demonstrated useful for describing soils’ compression behaviors at different moisture contents and shrinkage characteristics under different external stress. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11440-023-02188-6 |
format | Article |
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w
) and then subjected to FT cycles. The treated specimens were either (i) directly used for constant water content (CW) compression tests or (ii) saturated and used for conventional consolidation tests to determine the compression curves under unsaturated and saturated conditions, respectively. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were performed to track the evolution of the soil’s pore structure during moisture and FT conditionings. The compression indexes (including the recompression index
C
r
, preconsolidation pressure
σ
vp
or
σ
’
vp
, and compression index
C
c
of the specimens) derived from the experimental results demonstrate that (i) within the initial elastic compression range, the
C
r
is independent of moisture content changes but increases after FT conditioning. The variations of
C
r
are associated with the volume of soil’s large pores (
e
l
), which remains constant during moisture conditioning but increases after FT cycles; (ii) within the elastoplastic compression range, the
σ
vp
or
σ
’
vp
increases, while the
C
c
decreases as the moisture content decreases. However, the
σ
vp
,
σ
’
vp
, and
C
c
decrease after FT cycles. The
σ
vp
,
σ
’
vp
, and
C
c
are related to the volume of the soil’s medium pores (
e
m
), which decreases after moisture and FT conditionings. A few unique relationships are established to reveal the influences of pore structure changes on compression characteristics. The variations of the soil’s shrinkage curves under different external stress are also analyzed considering the effects of the changes in the pore structure. A model was proposed for the void ratio–moisture content–external stress relationships. This model was demonstrated useful for describing soils’ compression behaviors at different moisture contents and shrinkage characteristics under different external stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1861-1125</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1861-1133</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11440-023-02188-6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Clay ; Complex Fluids and Microfluidics ; Compressing ; Compression ; Compression index ; Compression tests ; Conditioning ; Elastoplasticity ; Engineering ; Foundations ; Freeze-thaw ; Freeze-thawing ; Geoengineering ; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences ; Hydraulics ; Mercury ; Moisture content ; Pores ; Porosity ; Research Paper ; Shrinkage ; Soft and Granular Matter ; Soil ; Soil analysis ; Soil moisture ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Soil shrinkage ; Soil stresses ; Soil structure ; Soils ; Solid Mechanics ; Void ratio ; Water content</subject><ispartof>Acta geotechnica, 2024-07, Vol.19 (7), p.4485-4502</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-eaee4f57fa6e2116dfd14b65bada1e57f90bdcfab164b991ce156d254ebfa1de3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-eaee4f57fa6e2116dfd14b65bada1e57f90bdcfab164b991ce156d254ebfa1de3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8801-6503</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11440-023-02188-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11440-023-02188-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pei, Qiu-yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, Wei-lie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Zhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xie-qun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Xi-lin</creatorcontrib><title>Compression behaviors of a freeze–thaw impacted clay under saturated and unsaturated conditions</title><title>Acta geotechnica</title><addtitle>Acta Geotech</addtitle><description>This study investigates the influences of moisture content and freeze–thaw (FT) cycles on the compression behaviors of a compacted clay. Compacted specimens were first conditioned to different moisture contents (
w
) and then subjected to FT cycles. The treated specimens were either (i) directly used for constant water content (CW) compression tests or (ii) saturated and used for conventional consolidation tests to determine the compression curves under unsaturated and saturated conditions, respectively. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were performed to track the evolution of the soil’s pore structure during moisture and FT conditionings. The compression indexes (including the recompression index
C
r
, preconsolidation pressure
σ
vp
or
σ
’
vp
, and compression index
C
c
of the specimens) derived from the experimental results demonstrate that (i) within the initial elastic compression range, the
C
r
is independent of moisture content changes but increases after FT conditioning. The variations of
C
r
are associated with the volume of soil’s large pores (
e
l
), which remains constant during moisture conditioning but increases after FT cycles; (ii) within the elastoplastic compression range, the
σ
vp
or
σ
’
vp
increases, while the
C
c
decreases as the moisture content decreases. However, the
σ
vp
,
σ
’
vp
, and
C
c
decrease after FT cycles. The
σ
vp
,
σ
’
vp
, and
C
c
are related to the volume of the soil’s medium pores (
e
m
), which decreases after moisture and FT conditionings. A few unique relationships are established to reveal the influences of pore structure changes on compression characteristics. The variations of the soil’s shrinkage curves under different external stress are also analyzed considering the effects of the changes in the pore structure. A model was proposed for the void ratio–moisture content–external stress relationships. This model was demonstrated useful for describing soils’ compression behaviors at different moisture contents and shrinkage characteristics under different external stress.</description><subject>Clay</subject><subject>Complex Fluids and Microfluidics</subject><subject>Compressing</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Compression index</subject><subject>Compression tests</subject><subject>Conditioning</subject><subject>Elastoplasticity</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Foundations</subject><subject>Freeze-thaw</subject><subject>Freeze-thawing</subject><subject>Geoengineering</subject><subject>Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Hydraulics</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Pores</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Shrinkage</subject><subject>Soft and Granular Matter</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil analysis</subject><subject>Soil moisture</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Soil shrinkage</subject><subject>Soil stresses</subject><subject>Soil structure</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Solid Mechanics</subject><subject>Void ratio</subject><subject>Water content</subject><issn>1861-1125</issn><issn>1861-1133</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1OwzAQhS0EEqVwAVaWWAc8duImS1TxJ1ViA2trEo9pqjYJdgIqK-7ADTkJhiC6YzHy-Om9N9LH2CmIcxBidhEA0lQkQqo4kOeJ3mMTyDUkAErt_-0yO2RHIayE0EqmesJw3m46TyHUbcNLWuJL3frAW8eRO0_0Rp_vH_0SX3m96bDqyfJqjVs-NJY8D9gPHr9FbGzUdv-qbWzdx9JwzA4crgOd_L5T9nh99TC_TRb3N3fzy0VSKSj6hJAoddnMoSYJoK2zkJY6K9EiUNQLUdrKYQk6LYsCKoJMW5mlVDoES2rKzsbezrfPA4XerNrBN_GkUSKXuZYZ5NElR1fl2xA8OdP5eoN-a0CYb5RmRGkiSvOD0ugYUmMoRHPzRH5X_U_qC4hxesY</recordid><startdate>20240701</startdate><enddate>20240701</enddate><creator>Pei, Qiu-yang</creator><creator>Zou, Wei-lie</creator><creator>Han, Zhong</creator><creator>Wang, Xie-qun</creator><creator>Xia, Xi-lin</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-6503</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240701</creationdate><title>Compression behaviors of a freeze–thaw impacted clay under saturated and unsaturated conditions</title><author>Pei, Qiu-yang ; Zou, Wei-lie ; Han, Zhong ; Wang, Xie-qun ; Xia, Xi-lin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-eaee4f57fa6e2116dfd14b65bada1e57f90bdcfab164b991ce156d254ebfa1de3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Clay</topic><topic>Complex Fluids and Microfluidics</topic><topic>Compressing</topic><topic>Compression</topic><topic>Compression index</topic><topic>Compression tests</topic><topic>Conditioning</topic><topic>Elastoplasticity</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Foundations</topic><topic>Freeze-thaw</topic><topic>Freeze-thawing</topic><topic>Geoengineering</topic><topic>Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Hydraulics</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Pores</topic><topic>Porosity</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Shrinkage</topic><topic>Soft and Granular Matter</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil analysis</topic><topic>Soil moisture</topic><topic>Soil Science & Conservation</topic><topic>Soil shrinkage</topic><topic>Soil stresses</topic><topic>Soil structure</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Solid Mechanics</topic><topic>Void ratio</topic><topic>Water content</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pei, Qiu-yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, Wei-lie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Zhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xie-qun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Xi-lin</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Acta geotechnica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pei, Qiu-yang</au><au>Zou, Wei-lie</au><au>Han, Zhong</au><au>Wang, Xie-qun</au><au>Xia, Xi-lin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Compression behaviors of a freeze–thaw impacted clay under saturated and unsaturated conditions</atitle><jtitle>Acta geotechnica</jtitle><stitle>Acta Geotech</stitle><date>2024-07-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>4485</spage><epage>4502</epage><pages>4485-4502</pages><issn>1861-1125</issn><eissn>1861-1133</eissn><abstract>This study investigates the influences of moisture content and freeze–thaw (FT) cycles on the compression behaviors of a compacted clay. Compacted specimens were first conditioned to different moisture contents (
w
) and then subjected to FT cycles. The treated specimens were either (i) directly used for constant water content (CW) compression tests or (ii) saturated and used for conventional consolidation tests to determine the compression curves under unsaturated and saturated conditions, respectively. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were performed to track the evolution of the soil’s pore structure during moisture and FT conditionings. The compression indexes (including the recompression index
C
r
, preconsolidation pressure
σ
vp
or
σ
’
vp
, and compression index
C
c
of the specimens) derived from the experimental results demonstrate that (i) within the initial elastic compression range, the
C
r
is independent of moisture content changes but increases after FT conditioning. The variations of
C
r
are associated with the volume of soil’s large pores (
e
l
), which remains constant during moisture conditioning but increases after FT cycles; (ii) within the elastoplastic compression range, the
σ
vp
or
σ
’
vp
increases, while the
C
c
decreases as the moisture content decreases. However, the
σ
vp
,
σ
’
vp
, and
C
c
decrease after FT cycles. The
σ
vp
,
σ
’
vp
, and
C
c
are related to the volume of the soil’s medium pores (
e
m
), which decreases after moisture and FT conditionings. A few unique relationships are established to reveal the influences of pore structure changes on compression characteristics. The variations of the soil’s shrinkage curves under different external stress are also analyzed considering the effects of the changes in the pore structure. A model was proposed for the void ratio–moisture content–external stress relationships. This model was demonstrated useful for describing soils’ compression behaviors at different moisture contents and shrinkage characteristics under different external stress.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s11440-023-02188-6</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-6503</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Clay Complex Fluids and Microfluidics Compressing Compression Compression index Compression tests Conditioning Elastoplasticity Engineering Foundations Freeze-thaw Freeze-thawing Geoengineering Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Hydraulics Mercury Moisture content Pores Porosity Research Paper Shrinkage Soft and Granular Matter Soil Soil analysis Soil moisture Soil Science & Conservation Soil shrinkage Soil stresses Soil structure Soils Solid Mechanics Void ratio Water content |
title | Compression behaviors of a freeze–thaw impacted clay under saturated and unsaturated conditions |
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