Valorization of Coptischinensis extraction residue via slow pyrolysis for the production of bioactive wood vinegar

The physicochemical properties, composition, antioxidant, and antifungal activities of wood vinegars produced by slow pyrolysis of Coptis chinensis and its extraction residue at various temperatures were studied. Slow pyrolysis of Coptis chinensis extraction residue up to 400 °C yielded 42.1% wood vinegar (CCR 400 ), containing over 70 different oxygenated organic compounds such as acids, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, catechols, esters, furfural, and ketones. CCR 400 is high in total phenolics and has antifungal properties against fungi like Penicillium , Aspergillus niger , and Trichoderma viride . Slow pyrolysis is an important venue for the safe disposal and valorization of Coptis chinensis extraction residue, producing wood vinegar with valuable fine chemicals and reasonable antioxidant and antifungal properties.