A systematic literature review for contextualizing participation in circular design

Introduction: Recently, participatory processes have been recognized as important factors inside Circular Economy (CE) initiatives. The importance of an inclusive approach – including end-users/consumers and vulnerable/oppressed groups – is acknowledged in several Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)s. Nevertheless, CE literature and Circular Design (CD) initiatives are still incipient when it comes to addressing important aspects of Participatory Design (PD), especially in Spatial Design Practices. There is no current overview on how PD methods, tools and techniques are being applied, nor are there clear indicators that can measure people’s empowerment and participation under a CE agenda. Methods: A systematic literature review is carried out to: (a) understand how PD principles are being applied in CD/CE; and (b) appraise and synthetize existing research evidence around the use of criteria and indicators involving PD and CE endeavours, with a specific look on their unfolding on Spatial Design practices. Results: 40 out of 426 final peer-reviewed journal papers in English were selected and analysed. 8 reviews and 32 original papers evidenced a clear interest on different stakeholders’ collaboration in circular supply chains and their impact on circular business models, especially in end-of-life stages. Nevertheless, very little to no attention has been given to initial design stages and non-expert’s participation. 127 participation-related CE indicators were found. However, comprehensive indicators and methods for their application targeting end-users and communities needs further exploration. PD contribution to overall sustainability is not yet disclosed. Conclusions: There is substantial increase of PD and CE literature on recent years, yet, in a separate manner. Connection between the two concepts is spare, especially in spatial design practices. Empowerment, a core component of participatory action research, is often disclosed in a superficial fashion. Inclusion of underprivileged groups and social equity in CE still needs further discussion.