Unleashing the potentiality of metals: synergistic catalysis with light and electricity

The integration of transition metals as catalysts has opened new avenues for organic synthesis, including the activation and formation of diverse bonds. The combination of metal catalysis with photochemistry or electrochemistry has demonstrated enhanced reaction selectivity and reduced reliance on chemical oxidants. By harnessing the potential of organic photo-electrocatalysis, which combines photocatalysis with electrocatalysis, a wide range of efficient, selective and sustainable synthetic transformations have been achieved. This review provides a comprehensive overview of metal catalysis in photo-electrochemical systems, discussing reaction mechanisms and offering prospects for this triadic catalytic mode.