Design of a nano-scale optical 2-bit analog to digital converter based on artificial intelligence

A novel, to our knowledge, optical 2-bit analog to digital converter (ADC) plasmonic waveguide was proposed using a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) with a circular disk resonator. A mutual cooperation between the finite element method of COMSOL software and MATLAB with the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) presented by the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) has been proposed for implementing the main structure. The phase shift difference between the input and the control ports is the basic principle used to select the outcomes on the output port. The transmission threshold ( T threshold ) is selected to be 0.5, resonance wavelength is 1040 nm, and the footprint of the design is 1200×2500nm. Several criteria like full width at half maximum (FWHM), contrast ratio (CR), modulation depth (MD), insertion loss (IL), and curves covering a complete wavelength range from 800 to 2000 nm versus transmission value (Tv) are simulated to evaluate the plasmonic system performance. The FWHM is 17 nm, CR is equal to 10.8 dB, MD and IL are 98.17% and −1dB, respectively, and the quality factor (Q-factor) for a single segment of the design reached 61.17.