Gene expression of hemostasis biomarkers following HIIT and RIPC

To prevent and manage cardiovascular risk factors, two effective strategies are remote ischemic preconditioning and regular exercise training. The objective of this study was to examine how these strategies might affect gene expression of hemostasis biomarkers in middle-aged male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (12-month-old) were randomly assigned to four groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT), remote ischemic preconditioning +HIIT (RIPC+HIIT), sham-HIIT (S-HIIT), sham-RIPC+HIIT (S-RIPC+HIIT). The experimental groups followed specific exercise protocols three times per week. The HIIT involved a 5-min warm-up period at 40–50% vVO 2 max, followed by 6 sets of 2-min high-intensity exercise at 85–90% vVO 2 max, interspersed by 5-min inactive recovery. The session ended with a 5-min cool down at 40–50% vVO 2 max. The remote ischemic preconditioning procedure was applied on the left lower limb by using a sphygmomanometer in three 5-min cycles of ischemia (pressure of 220 mm Hg) followed by 5 min of reperfusion (pressure of 0 mm Hg). After 3 weeks, the animals were sacrificed 48 h after their last exercise session, and heart tissue was harvested and analyzed with qRT-PCR method for the tissue factor (TF), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), and tissue plasminogen activator t-PA gene expression. Both experimental protocols led to a significant ( p