Waste goat bones derived porous carbon material as electrode for supercapacitor application

A waste-to-wealth approach of converting goat bone, an abundant high-volume waste into potential porous electrode materials for supercapacitor application has been achieved via a simple two-step method using KOH as the activator. The carbonized materials were obtained by heating at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. The PXRD, Raman, FTIR, UV-Vis, HRSEM, and TG/DTA characterization tools are used to probe the structural and physicochemical properties. The PXRD confirmed the formation of the hexagonal phase. From the Raman spectra, the D and G bands observed at 1335 cm−1 and 1585 cm−1 revealed the disorderness and carbon structure made of sp2 linkage. The electrochemical study at a scan rate of 5 mV/s showed a good specific capacitance of 32 F/g, proving good cyclic capacity. The peaks traced in the range of 180-260 nm in the UV-Vis spectra are due to π – π * transitions. A very broad peak observed around 500 °C in the TG/DTA plot represents the mass loss due to the thermal degradation of the adsorbed water and thermal decomposition of organic matter. The microstructure of the goat bone-derived sample was observed in the SEM image.