QU-GM: An IoT Based Glucose Monitoring System From Photoplethysmography, Blood Pressure, and Demographic Data Using Machine Learning

Patients with hyperglycemia require routine glucose monitoring to effectively treat their condition. We have developed a lightweight wristband device to capture Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. We collected PPG signals, demographic information, and blood pressure data from 139 diabetic (49.65%) and non-diabetic (50.35%) subjects. Blood glucose was estimated, and diabetic severity (normal, warning, and dangerous) was stratified using Mel frequency cepstral coefficients, time, frequency, and statistical features from PPG and their derivative signals along with physiological parameters. Bagged Ensemble Trees outperform other algorithms in estimating blood glucose level with a correlation coefficient of 0.90. The proposed model's prediction was all in Zone A and B in the Clarke Error Grid analysis. The predictions are thus clinically acceptable. Furthermore, K-nearest neighbor model classified the severity levels with an accuracy of 98.12%. Furthermore, the proposed models were deployed in Amazon Web Server. The wristband is connected to an Android mobile application to collect real-time data and update the estimated glucose and diabetic severity every 10-seconds, which will allow the users to gain better control of their diabetic health.